Yurt: Architecture, History, Sustainability, Materials and Typical Prices

Yurts are traditional, round, domed shelters originating in Central Asia and used by nomadic groups. Yurts have been used for over 3,000 years, evolving to meet the needs of nomadic lifestyles. They are still widely used in rural Central Asia and have gained popularity in Western countries for their eco-friendly and minimalist appeal. Architecturally, yurts are defined by their circular floor plan, collapsible lattice walls, conical rafter roof, insulating felt coverings, central crown skylight, and ornate wooden door. These features create a versatile, portable shelter well-suited to nomadic lifestyles and harsh environments. Yurts are characterized by their circular shape, lattice wall, insulated fabric cover, conical roof, portability, off-grid capability, affordability, and communal space. These elements make them practical for various uses, from temporary shelters to full-time residences. Living in a yurt presents unique challenges, such as temperature regulation, moisture management, securing utilities, pest control, and limited space. Key rooms in a yurt include a multipurpose main room, kitchen, bathroom, bedrooms, and a mudroom. Historically and culturally, yurts hold significant importance, symbolizing unity, balance, and a connection with nature. The most common architectural style of yurts remains the traditional Central Asian style. Modern yurts, however, have seen design innovations such as improved materials, enhanced insulation, advanced framing, off-grid technology integration, and smart interior layouts. Common materials for building yurts include wooden lattice walls, roof rafters, durable outer fabrics, and standard construction materials for additional features. Yurts are particularly suited to younger professionals, singles, couples, small families, and seniors seeking simplicity and connection to nature. The typical price of a yurt ranges from around $7,000-12,000 (€6,500-11,000, £5,600-9,600) for basic models. Buying a pre-made yurt is generally cheaper than constructing one due to economies of scale and streamlined processes. Given their expertise in eco-friendly and efficient design principles, a sustainable architect is best suited to design a yurt.

What is yurt?

A yurt is a round, domed shelter used by nomadic groups in Central Asia. Yurts originated thousands of years ago on the steppes of Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and other countries. Nomadic herders traditionally used them and remain widely used, especially in rural areas. The typical size of a yurt ranges from 13-20 feet (4-6 meters) in diameter. Some larger yurts can be up to 33 feet (10 meters) in diameter. The interior space is very versatile and can comfortably fit a family. Yurts are almost always found in rural or wilderness settings, as nomadic peoples traditionally used them. Many rural Central Asian families continue to live in yurts and use them as their main residence. They can also be found at some campgrounds and nature resorts. Most authentic yurts are still located across the pastoral rural areas of Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and other Central Asian countries. The structure consists of a circular wooden lattice wall covered in felt, with a conical roof frame that slopes upward to a compression ring. The roof rafters radiate from the central ring, which often has a skylight. Yurts are designed for quick assembly and disassembly, making them highly portable and well-suited for nomadic peoples following their herds over the steppes.

What is the history of yurt?

The origins of the yurt can be traced back over 3,000 years to the nomadic peoples of Central Asia, particularly Mongolia. These early yurts consisted of a collapsible wooden circular lattice wall frame covered in thick layers of felt to insulate against the harsh winters. No single inventor or first builder can be credited with inventing the yurt. Yurts evolved organically over thousands of years among the nomadic peoples of Central Asia, especially Mongolia, to meet their needs for a portable yet sturdy shelter. Yurts were adapted for the nomadic lifestyle on the Central Asian steppes. They could be quickly dismantled and transported using horses and yaks to follow the seasonal movement of livestock herds. Inside, yurts had room to fit an entire family and their possessions comfortably. A central wood-burning stove provided heating and cooking facilities, while the roof had a built-in smoke hole. The design of the traditional Central Asian yurt has changed very little over the past three millennia. The components and construction methods modern Mongolian nomads use today are identical to how their ancestors built yurts centuries ago. In Mongolia, yurts are known as “gers” and remain the most common shelter, especially in rural areas where about 40% of Mongolians live in gers. The yurt’s first introduction to the Western world came through the writing of European explorers like Marco Polo, who traveled across Central Asia. The first modern yurt company in North America was founded in the 1970s, sparking a renaissance of interest in this ancient dwelling. Today, over 30 yurt manufacturers operate in North America as these circular shelters gain broader appeal.

What architectural features define a yurt?

Several architectural features define a yurt, including a circular floor plan, collapsible lattice walls, conical rafter roof, layers of insulating felt coverings, central crown skylight, and ornate wooden door. Firstly, yurts are defined by their circular floor plan, typically ranging from 13-20 feet (4-6 meters) in diameter. The circular shape creates a spacious interior without using extensive materials. Secondly, yurts have a collapsible wooden lattice wall structure made of interlocking wooden strips. The lattice wall pieces, known as khana, quickly assemble into a curved frame. The bendable and modular khana allow the yurt to be rapidly dismantled for transport or seasonal migration. Thirdly, the roof frame comprises wooden rafters radiating upward from the top of the wall to a central wooden compression ring. This domed skylight ring is considered sacred in the traditional Mongolian gers. Fourthly, layers of thick insulating felt cover the entire exterior of the wooden frame. The felt is made of sheep’s wool but can also use yak or camel hair. The felt insulates against harsh winter winds and summer heat while allowing smoke from the interior fire to escape. Fifthly, an open hole at the roof’s peak corresponds with the sacred compression ring. This crown opening is a smoke hole from the central wood stove below, allowing ventilation. Finally, a wooden door frame reinforces the main entrance of the yurt, typically facing south or east. The door is often brightly painted or decorated with spiritual symbols. These features create a versatile, portable shelter adapted to nomadic peoples and harsh environments.

What are the key characteristics of a yurt?

Listed below are the 8 key characteristics of a yurt:

• The circular shape: The circular shape of yurts is one of the key characteristics that sets them apart from other structures. The circular shape is aesthetically pleasing, has cultural significance, and represents unity, strength, and natural forms. The circular shape is also highly energy-efficient, allowing for the efficient circulation of air inside the yurt. The shape is a fundamental aspect of yurt design and is essential to their unique aesthetic and functionality.
• The lattice wall: The lattice wall is another key characteristic of yurts that sets them apart from other structures. The interlocking wooden lattice wall made up of roof rafters and wall components gives the yurt strength and shape, providing a stable foundation for the insulated fabric cover. This lattice wall is not only functional, but it also adds to the yurt’s unique aesthetic.
• The insulated fabric cover: The insulated fabric cover is an essential characteristic of yurt design. Yurt walls are covered by thick insulated fabric, traditionally felt or canvas, that protects the interior from outside elements while allowing easy portability. The insulated fabric cover also provides excellent insulation, keeping the interior warm in cold weather and cool in hot weather. This is an essential feature of yurts that allows them to be used in various climates.
• The conical roof: The conical roof is another key characteristic of yurts Yurts have a gently sloping conical roof shape that sheds rain, snow, and wind. The slope also allows for easy set-up, as the roof can be easily raised and lowered. An open smoke hole or skylight at the roof’s peak provides natural ventilation and light. This functional roof design adds to the yurt’s visual appeal.
• Portability: Portability is an essential characteristic of yurts. Yurts can be completely disassembled, transported, and rebuilt quickly. The lattice walls are separated into panels for easy transport by animals or vehicles to new locations. This portability makes them ideal for use as temporary shelters, vacation homes, or emergency housing. It also allows for easy relocation, making them a popular choice for people who move frequently.
• Off-grid capability: Off-grid capability is another key characteristic of yurts with simple open floor plans, yurts easily accommodate off-grid living. Renewable energy systems and composting toilets integrate seamlessly, creating a self-sustaining lifestyle. This off-grid capability makes yurts ideal for use in remote locations or for people who value self-sufficiency and sustainable living.
• Affordability: Affordability is an essential characteristic of yurts. Due to efficient architectural design and modest materials, yurts can be built for much less money than traditional stick-built homes. Their small size also reduces energy costs, making them an affordable housing option for people on a budget. This affordability makes them popular for people who want to own a home without breaking the bank.
• Community: Community is another key characteristic of yurts with a circular floor plan and communal heritage that make yurts ideal for bringing people together in shared social, spiritual, and learning spaces. Yurts can be used as classrooms, meditation centers, or community centers, providing a unique and inspiring space for people to come together and connect.

What design elements make yurt a practical and desirable living space?

Yurts offer several key design elements that make them practical and desirable as living spaces. Firstly, the circular floor plan creates a spacious interior with ample room for furnishings and activities. The round walls eliminate corners and wasted space. Secondly, yurts have large windows and skylights to provide natural light. Strategically placed windows offer views of the outdoors and a close connection to nature. The domed skylight at the peak also allows sunlight to fill the yurt. Thirdly, yurts utilize durable, insulating materials like wool and canvas that regulate interior temperatures. The thick walls keep occupants warm in winter and cool in summer. The round shape and angled walls promote air circulation as well. Fourthly, the lattice walls provide flexible room dividers to create separate spaces within the open floor plan. Portable furniture and tapestries can further divide functional areas. Finally, yurts are designed for easy transport and construction using interlocking wood frames and panels. They can be quickly assembled, disassembled, and moved to new locations with minimal labor. These practical design qualities make yurts livable and environmentally friendly.

How is yurt designed for safety and comfort?

Architects must consider several factors in Mongolia when designing a safe and comfortable yurt. Firstly, yurts are designed with safety in mind by securing all furnishings, appliances, and storage to prevent shifting during relocation. Cabinets have child-locked latches, drawers have secure roller catches, and shelving is firmly anchored to walls. Secondly, the small space is utilized efficiently through built-in or fold-away furniture, such as beds, tables, and benches. Multi-functional furniture, like storage benches and stair drawers, conserve space while providing ample capacity. Thirdly, yurts meet structural engineering standards for wind, snow, and seismic loads. They undergo thorough analysis to ensure the tensioned fabric cover and structural framework can withstand extreme weather. Yurts use commercial-grade hardware, weather-resistant steel components, and durable laminated wood beams explicitly engineered for portability and resilience. Fourthly, insulation factors heavily in maximizing comfort. Multiple layers of thick wool felt surround the exterior lattice walls to insulate against temperature extremes. Large dome skylights and windows allow plentiful natural daylight while insulating modern materials keep interior spaces comfortable in hot or cold weather. Fifthly, yurt interiors utilize space efficiently to avoid cramped feelings. Floorplans arrange furnishings strategically and incorporate space-saving elements like lofted beds, hidden storage, and multi-purpose furniture. Safety certifications ensure durability for frequent relocation, while the circular architecture creates a spacious interior ambiance.

What sustainable living principles are integrated into a yurt?

Yurts offer a more sustainable way of living in several key aspects. Firstly, yurts are designed for low environmental impact and leave no trace. They have a small footprint and are easy to disassemble. Modern yurts maintain this portability and low impact on the land. Secondly, yurts are energy efficient due to their shape and structure. The circular design minimizes surface area and heat loss. A conical roof and central skylight allow natural daylight while promoting air circulation and ventilation. The lattice walls provide insulation. Further insulation can be added between wall panels or by using modern materials. Thirdly, yurts utilize natural and recycled materials. The traditional coverings were made from sheep’s wool. Modern yurts use canvas or architectural fabrics which can contain recycled content. The wooden lattice is made from sustainable forest products like poplar or birch. Fourthly, yurts are adaptable for off-grid living. Their simple design allows flexibility in amenities and location. Yurts can utilize composting toilets, greywater systems, and renewable energy without reliance on public utilities. They can be located remotely with access to water from rain catchment and nearby springs. The small space promotes a minimalist lifestyle, avoiding excessive consumption. Finally, yurts inspire community and connection to nature. Their open circular floor plan promotes gathering, discussion, and relationships. Large windows and the central skylight maintain awareness of natural cycles and seasons. The simplicity of yurt living fosters an appreciation of experiences over possessions. Yurts integrates principles of low environmental impact, energy efficiency, raw materials, off-grid adaptability, and community living. Their sustainable qualities make them an ideal housing model for the future.

What unique challenges come with living in a yurt?

There are several unique challenges of living in a Yurt. Firstly, temperature regulation can be challenging in a yurt. The thick felt or canvas walls provide good insulation, and yurts have a large surface area that loses heat. In summer, yurts can overheat quickly in hot climates. Strategic window placement for cross ventilation and shade is critical. Secondly, condensation and moisture need consideration in yurts. The impermeable covers trap moisture inside, which can lead to mildew or mold if ventilation is insufficient. A moisture barrier on walls, breathable fabric selections, and proper site drainage help mitigate this issue. However, cooking, breathing, and other humidity sources make some condensation inevitable. Thirdly, securing basics like electricity and plumbing takes forethought in yurts. Running power lines, installing solar panels, or using a generator provides electricity. Fourthly, pests pose unique problems in yurts. Careful sealing, frequent checks, and non-toxic extermination methods are necessary. Additionally, small round spaces provide no corners for spiders to build webs, causing some species to drop from the ceiling unexpectedly. Finally, limited space for possessions and activities can challenge some yurt residents. Regular purging of unused belongings is essential. Creative storage solutions like beds with drawers and overhead nets make the most of the available area. Alternative spaces like a camp kitchen, outdoor patio, or secondary structure supplement the modest yurt interior. The challenges of living in yurts relate to temperature, moisture, utilities, pests, and confined quarters.

What are the key rooms when living in a yurt?

There are several key rooms when living in a yurt, including a multipurpose main room, kitchen, bathroom, bedrooms, and sometimes a mudroom. Firstly, the main living area is the central multipurpose space in a yurt. As yurts have a circular floorplan with one large room, this area must accommodate sleeping, sitting, dining, and activities. It is typically outfitted with convertible furniture like sofa beds, folding tables, movable room dividers, and storage furniture with drawers or cabinets. Minimalist decor helps keep the room from feeling cluttered. Secondly, many yurts add a kitchen as a separate room connected to the main living space. The kitchen holds essential appliances, countertops, and storage for cooking. It may also incorporate a small dining area. Smaller machines, shelving, and stackable rolling carts keep necessities accessible without clutter. Thirdly, the bathroom is another key room for yurts intending more permanent residence. Traditional yurts would simply have outhouses, but modern dwellers often desire indoor plumbing. The bathroom houses a shower, sink, composting or incinerator toilet, and storage for towels and toiletries. Smaller yurts may incorporate a bathroom into one corner with a privacy curtain. Fourthly, bedrooms allow private sleeping space in some yurts. Small studio yurts use movable screens or curtains to divide sleeping areas from living areas. Larger yurts may incorporate one or two traditional bedrooms with doors. Sofabeds, fold-down Murphy beds, lofts, or bunkbeds provide sleeping accommodations in the main room without separate bedrooms. Finally, some yurts add a mudroom at the entrance. This transition zone allows residents and guests to remove outerwear and shoes before entering. Built-in cubbies, benches, coat hooks, and shoe storage organize gear. An exterior door and optional interior door maintain heat while providing storage solutions. The flexible, open-concept plans promote simplicity, functionality, and connection.

What historical and cultural significance does yurt have?

Yurts have a history and cultural significance spanning thousands of years. Originating in Central Asia, yurts were developed by nomadic peoples as portable dwellings that could be quickly assembled, disassembled, and transported across the vast steppes. Traditional yurts consisted of a collapsible wooden lattice frame covered in heavy felt insulation, animal hides, or canvas, with a domed roof structure held up by tension.

Yurts were intrinsic to the lifestyle of nomadic cultures across Central Asia and Siberia, used by groups including the Mongols, Turkic tribes, and Siberian clans. For instance, the yurt was central to Mongolian nomads, with some 60% of Mongolia’s population still residing in gers (Mongolian yurts) today. Culturally, the yurt holds deep spiritual meaning in many Central Asian traditions. The domed roof symbolizes the heavens, while the floor represents the earth. Yurts create a sacred space connecting these realms, embodying core values of harmony, balance, and reverence for nature. Today, yurts remain an economical, eco-friendly housing solution drawing on centuries of refined design. They continue traditional nomadic principles of portability and sustainability.

What is the most common architectural style for yurt?

The most common architectural style for yurts is the traditional Central Asian style, originating from nomadic cultures in Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and other parts of Central Asia. The conventional yurt style features a circular floor plan with a domed roof held up by bent wooden lattice walls and rafters. The roof has a compression ring at the top where all the rafters join. A round or octagonal skylight sits at the top to let in light. The walls and roof are covered with thick felt or canvas layers for insulation and weatherproofing. A wood stove is typically located in the center for heating. The door is made of wood and is located across from the entrance. This simple yet ingenious architectural style allowed yurts to be easily dismantled, transported and rebuilt, which was essential for the nomadic peoples that developed them. Though modern yurts incorporate some contemporary materials and amenities, most retain this efficient round style that has served nomads well for thousands of years. Its continued popularity demonstrates the timeless beauty and utility of the traditional yurt’s architectural style.

What design innovations are seen in yurt?

There are several key design innovations seen in yurts. Firstly, modern yurts utilize innovative materials like weatherproof architectural fabrics for covers instead of the traditional wool felt. These high-tech fabrics are lightweight, durable, fire-retardant, and available in creative colors and patterns. Yurt covers can also incorporate transparent skylight domes or tube skylights to let in natural light. Secondly, recent yurt designs employ improved insulation techniques on floors, walls, and ceilings. Multi-layer rigid foam, reflective barriers, and synthetic fiber batting help regulate interior temperatures. Some models even allow conventional insulation to be pumped into cavity walls for maximum efficiency. These innovations keep yurts comfortable in extreme climates. Thirdly, advanced framing techniques create versatile, modular yurt components for simplified transport and assembly. This portability allows yurts to serve as temporary shelters or seasonal homes in multiple locations. Fourthly, off-grid technologies now integrate seamlessly into yurts. Composting toilets, solar panels, wind turbines, and rainwater harvesting systems supply essential utilities sustainably. Appliance and lighting options also emphasize efficiency. Finally, smart interior layouts make small yurts feel spacious and comfortable. Loft beds, convertible furniture, abundant storage, open floor plans, and large windows maximize usable space. Blending portability and sustainability, contemporary yurts provide appealing shelters aligned with eco-conscious values. Their creativity, efficiency, and versatility explain the growing popularity of yurts as full-time homes.

What materials are mostly used to build a yurt?

The most common building materials for yurt are lattice walls, roof rafters, central dome openings, durable outer fabrics like canvas for covers, and standard construction materials for accessories like doors, windows, platforms, and utilities. Firstly, the lattice wall of a yurt is made from wooden poles, such as willow, poplar, birch, or bamboo. These flexible woods allow the lattice pieces to be bent into shape during construction. The lattice wall pieces interlock to form the circular structural frame of the yurt. Secondly, the roof rafters are usually constructed from wood, with larger dimensional lumber like 2x4s or 2x6s. The rafters radiate from the central wooden compression ring and rely on tension cables and the lattice walls for support. Thirdly, the central dome opening and compression ring at the top are key components of laminated solid wood. Modern yurts use skylights and steel cables for added durability. Fourthly, the outer covering of a yurt relies on heavy, durable fabrics. These covers must be waterproof, fire-retardant, UV-resistant, and able to handle snow loads. Insulation, like wool batting, is often placed between layers of fabric. Finally, yurts require doors, windows, and potentially a raised wooden platform or deck. These additional construction materials create a complete, livable structure. Modern conveniences like electrical wiring, plumbing, or heating systems can also be incorporated. These materials allow the ancient structural design of yurts to be adapted into modern off-grid shelters.

Is yurt a popular choice for homebuyers?

No, yurts are not a popular choice for most homebuyers, though they have a niche appeal. A yurt is a round, domed structure used as a portable shelter by nomadic Central Asian groups. Modern yurts incorporate contemporary materials like canvas or other fabrics over a lattice wood frame but retain the classic circular design. Most homebuyers prefer traditional stick-built houses, townhomes, or apartments rather than yurts. Key reasons why yurts are not a popular mainstream choice include their small size, lack of amenities, non-traditional design, and zoning restrictions. Most yurts rely on external facilities for bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry or require complex off-grid systems, which is impractical for most homeowners. Many areas prohibit or restrict using yurts as full-time residences, limiting their viability to a temporary shelter. They appeal to a small, counter-cultural demographic rather than the mainstream housing market.

What makes yurt appealing to homebuyers?

Yurts appeal to homebuyers looking for an affordable, eco-friendly housing option. Firstly, yurts can be built for a fraction of the cost of a conventional home. Their small size also reduces energy costs for heating and cooling. The circular shape and ample windows foster a closeness to nature, aligning yurts with sustainable living values. Secondly, yurts attract those seeking flexibility and freedom from traditional homeownership. Yurts pack up for transport and rebuild quickly at new locations. Their portability enables them to rapidly relocate near family, jobs, or adventures. Thirdly, creative individuals and families enjoy the unique style and cozy feel of yurt living. The ground floor plan promotes communal activities and togetherness. Yurts work well as home offices, guest cottages, yoga studios, or backyard she-sheds/man caves. Parents appreciate giving kids an imaginative, magical place to play and sleep. Retirees find yurts fun and quirky alternatives to conventional retirement homes. Yurts hold broad appeal as inexpensive, sustainable housing aligned with minimalist values.

What is the best audience to live in a yurt?

The best audience for yurt is younger professionals, singles and couples, small families, and seniors/adults. Firstly, yurts appeal to adventurous families who want to instill a love of nature and simplicity in their children. The round, cozy spaces promote family bonding by playing games, reading books, or spending quality time together. Secondly, singles and couples enjoy yurt living for its affordability and flexibility. Their portability also allows easy relocation when desired, freeing residents from the burdens of traditional homeownership. Small yurts operated off-grid promote mindfulness, solitude, and connection with a partner. Thirdly, retirees and empty nesters choose to downsize to a yurt lifestyle. Maintaining fewer possessions and space enables more time for hobbies, volunteering, or adventures abroad. For those wanting to live “lightly on the land,” yurts provide sustainable housing with a small environmental footprint. Yurts attract a comprehensive demographic seeking affordable and eco-friendly shelter.

What is the typical price to buy a yurt?

The typical price to buy a yurt can range around $7,000-12,000 (€6,500-11,000, £5,600-9,600). More elaborate or more extensive yurts designed as full-time homes generally start around $15,000 (€14,000, £12,000) and can go up to $50,000+ (€46,000+, £40,000+). Smaller yurts are cheaper, while large models can be much more expensive because of the materials used, especially for the structural frame and outer cover, and impact costs. More durable woods and weatherproof canvas or architectural fabrics raise prices. Temporary camping yurts are cheaper than full home models designed to be permanent residences. Insulation, skylights, electrical wiring, plumbing, kitchenettes, and bathrooms add substantially to the base price. Yurts offers a creative, eco-friendly housing solution at a fraction of a traditional small home or cabin cost.

Is it cheaper to construct or buy a yurt?

It is cheaper to buy a yurt that constructs it. A basic starter yurt kit often ranges from $7,000-12,000 (€6,500-11,000, £5,600-9,600), while building own could cost $15,000+ (€14,000+, £12,000+). The main factors that make buying a premade yurt kit cheaper include economies of scale, labor, and a streamlined process. Big yurt companies can produce materials and parts at a lower cost per unit, passed on to the consumer. The cost of skilled design and assembly labor is built into the kit price, and prefab kits are optimized for easy assembly, saving time and effort. Prefab yurt kits simplify the process considerably and allow the buyer to get set up faster while still retaining the joy of assembling a unique and cozy yurt home.

Which type of architect is best to design a yurt?

A sustainable architect is the best type of architect to design a yurt. Yurts are meant to have a small environmental footprint and promote an eco-friendly lifestyle. Sustainable architects are trained to maximize energy efficiency and minimize the yurt’s ecological impact. They understand how to incorporate passive solar heating and natural ventilation into the yurt’s design to lower energy costs and lessen the need for fossil fuels. A sustainable architect also knows which environmentally friendly and locally sourced materials to specify for the yurt structure, insulation, siding, and roofing. This helps reduce the yurt’s embodied carbon and supports local economies. Their design will keep the yurt’s residents safe while sustaining the natural environment.